Your Title Goes Here with 16-Point Bold Arial Font
First A. Author,a Given Name Surname,a,* 12-Pt_TNRoman Font,b and
Fourth D. F. Author c
The prepared and submitted abstract must be in 10-point Arial font, indented 0.5 inches, having a maximum length of 200 words, goes here. The abstract briefly summarizes the main findings, using terms that are understandable to a general scientific audience. Briefly summarize the context and the significance of the findings, describing how your results contribute to the field of science and potential or actual applications. Remember that the journal’s audience is multidisciplinary. Acronyms and special symbols are not permitted in the abstract. Authors are urged to take particular care in preparation of the abstract. This is due to abstract tends to be the most frequently read part of an article. Also, due to the higher proportion of readers of abstracts, relative to other parts of an article text, ALAJ has opted to use a 10-point, sans-serif font for this item.
Keywords: Format; Author guidelines; TNRoman 10-point italic; Up to 10 brief terms
Contact information: Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdullaziz University, P.O. Box 80208, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; *Corresponding author: shindi@kau.edu.sa
INTRODUCTION
The author must skip one line after each major heading (as shown here, but not after subheadings). Indent all paragraphs. The introduction should provide sufficient background in the topic area to permit the reader to understand the context and importance of the research findings. The text should be justified at both the right and left margins. The first few paragraphs of your research article should lay out the motivation and importance of the work, and show how the work relates to other recent advances in science or technology. The explanations should be sufficiently broad so that scientists and technologists who are unfamiliar with your subject area can gain an appreciation of how your research results might be applied, if they are further developed and successfully implemented.
Subsequent paragraphs are indented also. Your introduction should make reference to key publications, emphasizing work that is most relevant to your research results (Hower et al. 2010; Buah and Kuma, 2013a; Numan 2012). The format of the citations, as shown in the present example, should match the system used in J. Water Resources Planning and Management (sometimes called “J. Water Resources Mangement” in versions of EndNote® software). Notice the form in which different kinds of citations appear at the end of the article (Surabhi et al., 2006; Hower et al., 2010 ; Zheng et al., 2012).
Italics must be used for Latin words and contractions (i.e., viz., e.g., et al., etc.), for journal titles (J. Phys. Chem.), and for genus and species (Picea abies).
Manuscripts must be prepared and submitted in one of the following editable formats: MS WORD (using either the “doc” or “docx” suffix), or Open Office Writer (any version). The purpose of using one of these formats is for facilitating the editing and publication processing. In cases where the editors recommend a revised version to be submitted, the revised document, once again, needs to be submitted in one of the editable text systems listed.
The editors request that the file name begin with the primary author’s surname (family name) or at least the first six letters of that name. You don’t need to worry about the material in the Header and the Footer; the co-editors will take care of those items after reviewing, any issues raised by the reviewers have been satisfactorily addressed, and the article has been approved for publication. Authors are responsible for formatting all of the pages, including the title, author list, the abstract (including indentation), key words, main headings, optional subheadings, text, figures, graphs, and citations.
This template document has been set up with certain pre-defined styles for formatting in MS WORD. To pick one of the following styles for a block of test, highlight that text, select “Format,” then “Styles and formatting,” and then select one of the following options, as appropriate: BioResources Abstract, Author, Body, Contact information, Keywords, Section header, Section subheader, Third level header, and Title.
Except in the case of review articles, it is recommended that introductory material be kept suitably brief, usually between one and three pages. Reviewers will be required to answer a question about whether your article can be improved by shortening, and the editors will act upon such recommendations. An exception will be made in cases where the background material of an article includes a substantial advance in theory, which needs to be explained for the first time.
It is recommended that the overall length of a research article, submitted for publication in Arid Land Agriculture Journal have a length between 6 and 25 pages, still with the understanding that a majority of articles as long as 25 pages probably can be improved in quality by judicious culling and rewriting. The editors reserve the right to accept even longer articles in cases of exceptional quality, novelty, and importance of the work.
Subheading in 12-point Arial Bold
Use subheadings sparingly to set off different subject matter, especially in parts of the article that extend beyond one page in length. Notice that the subheading is in “Title Case,” with major words capitalized.
Skip 2 spaces before a major (All CAPS) heading, and one space after, as shown below.
EXPERIMENTAL
Your Subheading, e.g., Materials
Provide sufficient detail to let another researcher in the same field to be able for repeating this work. Brand names of chemicals and other materials must be mentioned once in the Experimental section to let future researchers to obtain the same starting materials or equipment. Brand names are not to be used elsewhere in the article, including the Abstract or the Conclusions sections. Rather, authors should employ appropriate generic nomenclature, chemical names, or descriptive names. Alternatively, the Experimental section may include a table in which brand name products or devices are assigned suitable generic labels based on their chemical composition. Please see the Editorial Policies on the website regarding the non-commercial, scientific nature of items to be submitted to Arid Land Agriculture Journal.
The third-level heading
In case of using three levels of headings, use non-bolded italics, with a Times New Roman 12-point font for the lowest level headings. Capitalize only the first word in the heading.
Another third-level heading
Most articles are likely to have only two levels of headings.
Your Subheading, e.g., Methods
Because Arid Land Agriculture is intended for a broad range of readers, authors are encouraged to provide brief background explanations of experimental procedures and theories which, though well known to some, may not generally be well known to a random group of college-educated people having an interest in biomaterials utilization technology.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results of the experimentation must be presented clearly and concisely. Acronyms and abbreviations are permitted, especially if they are used sparingly, and they must be spelled out when they are first utilized, e.g., scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Please use past tense when describing the work that was carried out. For example, “Four mL of NaOH solution (0.1 N) were added…” Present tense can be used when making a statement that the authors believe to have general validity, especially when supported by other publications. For example, “The addition of NaOH increases the swelling of this type of lignocellulosic material (Chu and Knoll 2003).” Please be careful when using other verb tenses to clearly convey your intended meaning.
Fig. 1. Example of a figure, prepared so that the axis labels are near to the size of the surrounding text. Note that the caption is 10-point Arial font with left justification.
Authors are encouraged to use figures or tables, whichever are the most appropriate, to clearly elucidate the research findings. The graph above shows the expected format of plotted information in terms of the following parameters: The vertical and horizontal labels should be prepared in bold Arial font of a suitable size so that they appear in the page view with a size equivalent to a 10-point font or somewhat larger in the final view (noting that this present text is in 12-point Times New Roman font). Number axis labels can appear somewhat smaller, e.g., equivalent to 8-point font. Although colors are encouraged, graphics must be prepared in such a way that symbols and lines show up clearly in a black-and-white printout, and they should remain clearly differentiated from each other in such a format. Authors will have control of both the size and positioning of figures, although the example shown below can be used for general guidance.
Where possible, figures or tables should be placed soon after the location where they are first mentioned in the text.
Let’s suppose that the next set of results will be reported in tabular form. The following table can serve as a representative example of how the heading and the remaining table might appear, depending on the nature of the data. Note that “title case” format, with capitalization of major words, is used for the table headings.
Table 1. Example of Tabular Results (12-point Arial here)
| Biomaterials In
(kg) |
Parameter A * | Parameter B | Bioproduct Out
(kg) |
| 0.0 | 8.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| 30.2 | 9.7 | 99.3 | 0.5 |
| 35.8 | 10-point Arial here | -46.8 | 0.6 |
| 42.6 | 6.1 | 5.0 | 0.7 |
| 52.6 | 7.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 |
| * This parameter normalized according to the procedure of Mallouk (2004b) | |||
As appropriate, results should be discussed and interpreted in the context of other published work.
Notes about References Cited
Authors are requested to take whatever time is needed to format the REFERENCES CITED section (at the end of the article) accurately in the format of the examples shown below. All of the authors should be listed, unless there are many more than ten of them. There are different systems used in case of a journal article, a book, a chapter in an edited book, a paper in a proceedings, or an item from the Internet. The names of scientific journals either can be spelled out completely or abbreviated using the forms in common use.
Starting in June 2014, all newly submitted articles will be required to include “DOI” codes (if they exist) for each cited work. As shown in the examples, the DOI code goes at the end of the citation record, using the same format as provided in the Web of Science database. The Internet can be used to quickly obtain the correct DOI information, if it exists: Go to the website http://www.crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery/ and follow the instructions given there. This service is free, but it does require signing up with a valid email account.
Note again, there are two spaces before a major heading.
CONCLUSIONS
- Your conclusions should be numbered. Alhough there is no fixed rule, it is preferred that the strongest or most general conclusion supported by the research results should be placed first.
- Additional conclusions, especially if they deal with more particular issues of the research, would be placed later in the list, though authors may use their own discretion.
- Speculative statements, opinions, or statements about future work do not belong in the Conclusions section. Such statements often may be appropriate in the Results and Discussions section, especially if they can help readers understand the potential implications of the research findings.
- Note that there is a half-space (6 points) between each of the numbered conclusions. There are also two spaces between this text and the major heading that follows. The purpose of this formatting is to enhance readability, taking advantage of the fact that page costs are very low (limited mainly to occasional hard copies) in the case of an online journal. The style of the reference cited information matches the style used in the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management or Journal of Water Resources Management.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful for the support of the Deanship of scientific Research , King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia under Grant. No. 115-155-1432.
REFERENCES CITED
- Ash Utilization Symposium, Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, USA.
- Clack, H. L. (2012). “Estimates of increased black carbon emissions from electrostatic precipitators during powdered activated carbon injection for mercury emissions control,” Environmental Science & Technology 46 (13), 7327–7333. DOI: 10.1021/es3003712
- Cobb, A., Warms, M., Maurer, E. P. and Chiesa, S. (2012). “Low-tech coconut shell activated charcoal production,” International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering 7 (1), 93-104.
- Dancey, C. P. and Reidy, J. (2007). “Statistics without Math for Psychology,” (4th ed.), Pearson Education Limited, Essex Pearson Education Limited, England.
- Davini, P. (2002). “Flue gas treatment by activated carbon obtained from oil-fired fly ash,” Carbon 40 (11), 1973-1979. DOI:10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00049-0
- Habib, S. S. (2009). “Naturally endowed oxide nanoparticles from carbon ash in Saudi Arabia,” International Journal of Nano and Biomaterials, 2 (1/2/3/4/5), 437- 441. DOI: 10.1504/IJNBM.2009.027741
- Marsh, M. and Reinoso, F. R. (2006).” Activated Carbon,” Elsevier, 554 pp.
- Hindi, S. S. Z. (2001). “Pyrolytic products properties as affected by raw material,” PhD Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Egypt.
- Hindi, S. S. Z. (2012a). “Effect of wood material and pyrolytic conditions on biocarbon production,” International Journal of Modern Engineering Research. 2 (3), 1386-1394.
- Hindi, S. S. Z. (2012b). “Effect of maximum final temperature on properties of wood based biocarbon of Tamarix Aphylla,” International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, 1(8), 1-4.
- Hindi, S. S. Z. (2012c). “Contribution of parent wood to the final properties of the carbonaceous skeleton via pyrolysis,” International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations, 1 (8), 9-12.
Article submitted: